University of GuilanAquatic Physiology and Biotechnology2345-39665320171023Induction of HSP70 gene expression in freshwater bivalve, Anodonta cygnea, caused by exposing to CuO-NPsInduction of HSP70 gene expression in freshwater bivalve, Anodonta cygnea, caused by exposing to CuO-NPs124253210.22124/japb.2017.2532FAHadisehKashiriAssistant Professor in Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranAliShabaniAssociate Professor of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranKavehKhosravianiResearch Assistant of Central Laboratory of Genetic and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Tehran University, Tehran, IranAmirGhadermarziPh.D. Student in Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranJournal Article20170124<em>Anodonta cygnea</em> is considered as a suitable species in evaluating the pollution of aquatic ecosystems because of the low resistance to changes in environmental conditions. Nowadays, due to the wide application of nanomaterials in different industries, the negative effect of these materials on aquatic life is of great concern. In the present study, the effect of copper oxide nanoparticles (II) (CuO-NPs) on HSP70 gene expression was evaluated in <em>A. cygnea</em>. For this purpose, the mussels were exposed to the concentrations of 0 (control), 0.25, 2.5 and 25ppm of CuO-NPs during 12 days. To analyze the changes in HSP70 gene expression, the sequence of this gene was determined in this species. In this regard, a fragment of 540 nucleotide coding HSP70 was cloned. The nucleotide sequence of HSP70 in <em>A. cygnea</em> contained 19.8, 30.7, 26.7 and 22.9 percent of A, C, G and T, respectively. The results indicated that exposing to CuO-NPs induced HSP70 gene expression in both tissues of foot and gill. Hereof, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in gene expression level of HSP70 among foot and gill tissues. Also, the gene expression level in the studied tissues increased with increasing exposure time up to 8 days while it showed decrease over the time up to 12<sup>th</sup> day (P≤0.05). In conclusion, the HSP70 gene in <em>A. cygnea</em> showed higher level of GC nucleotides in comparison to the other studied species and the expression level of this gene increases under exposing to CuO-NPs so that this increase is dependent on the concentration and time.<em>Anodonta cygnea</em> is considered as a suitable species in evaluating the pollution of aquatic ecosystems because of the low resistance to changes in environmental conditions. Nowadays, due to the wide application of nanomaterials in different industries, the negative effect of these materials on aquatic life is of great concern. In the present study, the effect of copper oxide nanoparticles (II) (CuO-NPs) on HSP70 gene expression was evaluated in <em>A. cygnea</em>. For this purpose, the mussels were exposed to the concentrations of 0 (control), 0.25, 2.5 and 25ppm of CuO-NPs during 12 days. To analyze the changes in HSP70 gene expression, the sequence of this gene was determined in this species. In this regard, a fragment of 540 nucleotide coding HSP70 was cloned. The nucleotide sequence of HSP70 in <em>A. cygnea</em> contained 19.8, 30.7, 26.7 and 22.9 percent of A, C, G and T, respectively. The results indicated that exposing to CuO-NPs induced HSP70 gene expression in both tissues of foot and gill. Hereof, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in gene expression level of HSP70 among foot and gill tissues. Also, the gene expression level in the studied tissues increased with increasing exposure time up to 8 days while it showed decrease over the time up to 12<sup>th</sup> day (P≤0.05). In conclusion, the HSP70 gene in <em>A. cygnea</em> showed higher level of GC nucleotides in comparison to the other studied species and the expression level of this gene increases under exposing to CuO-NPs so that this increase is dependent on the concentration and time.https://japb.guilan.ac.ir/article_2532_4740c29c43f8ee776a75643aca7293e8.pdfUniversity of GuilanAquatic Physiology and Biotechnology2345-39665320171023Investigation of physicochemical properties, fatty acid profile and sensory evaluation of Iyengaria stellataInvestigation of physicochemical properties, fatty acid profile and sensory evaluation of Iyengaria stellata2538253110.22124/japb.2017.2531FAEsmatMohammadiPh.D. Student in Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranBaharehShabanpourhProfessor in Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranMoazamehKordjaziAssistant Professor in Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural
Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranJournal Article20161101Considering the high potential of brown algae in the development of food production and applications in the industry to humans, livestock and aquatics, this study designated to the physicochemical properties, fatty acid profile and sensory evaluation of macroalgae <em>Iyengaria stellata</em>. Water holding capacity, swelling, and oil holding capacity were investigated for evaluation of physicochemical properties of algae powder. The fatty acid profile and sensory profiling were analyzed by gas chromatography and using a non-trained panel, respectively. The swelling capacity was decreased significantly with increasing temperature (P<0.05) but water holding capacity did not show significant decrement with temperature increase (P>0.05). The capacities of swelling and water holding of the algae <em>I. stellata</em> were down while oil holding capacity was high in this seaweed. <em>I. stellata</em> consisted of 38.73% saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 42.86% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and 5.03% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The results of the sensory evaluation showed that taste and smell of the studied macroalgae were acceptable. In conclusion, macroalgae <em>I. stellata</em> can be a source of essential fatty acids as well as was used as additives in the food industry.Considering the high potential of brown algae in the development of food production and applications in the industry to humans, livestock and aquatics, this study designated to the physicochemical properties, fatty acid profile and sensory evaluation of macroalgae <em>Iyengaria stellata</em>. Water holding capacity, swelling, and oil holding capacity were investigated for evaluation of physicochemical properties of algae powder. The fatty acid profile and sensory profiling were analyzed by gas chromatography and using a non-trained panel, respectively. The swelling capacity was decreased significantly with increasing temperature (P<0.05) but water holding capacity did not show significant decrement with temperature increase (P>0.05). The capacities of swelling and water holding of the algae <em>I. stellata</em> were down while oil holding capacity was high in this seaweed. <em>I. stellata</em> consisted of 38.73% saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 42.86% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and 5.03% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The results of the sensory evaluation showed that taste and smell of the studied macroalgae were acceptable. In conclusion, macroalgae <em>I. stellata</em> can be a source of essential fatty acids as well as was used as additives in the food industry.https://japb.guilan.ac.ir/article_2531_1286c5e849e42761d6fbcb0677f5afea.pdfUniversity of GuilanAquatic Physiology and Biotechnology2345-39665320171023Production of hydrolyzed protein from Kilka by enzymatic hydrolysis and evaluation of its bioactive propertiesProduction of hydrolyzed protein from Kilka by enzymatic hydrolysis and evaluation of its bioactive properties3958256510.22124/japb.2017.2565FAZahraNahviM.Sc. in Seafood Processing, Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, IranSeyed FakhreddinHosseiniAssistant Professor in Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, IranMojganZandiAssociate Professor in Department of Biomaterials, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, IranJournal Article20161124In the present study, fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) prepared by hydrolysis of common Kilka (<em>Clupeonella cultriventris</em>) using the Alcalase enzyme. The antioxidant activity of FPH was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities, reducing power assay, ferrous ion-chelating and total antioxidant activity tests in five different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/mL). The results indicated that with increasing concentration (5 mg/mL), the antioxidant properties of FPH were significantly increased. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion-chelating, ferric reducing antioxidant power and total antioxidant activity was related to the concentration of 5 mg/mL. In conclusion, Kilka fish enzymatic hydrolysis leads to the hydrolysate production with antioxidant properties and can be used as food additives after confirming by clinical studies.In the present study, fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) prepared by hydrolysis of common Kilka (<em>Clupeonella cultriventris</em>) using the Alcalase enzyme. The antioxidant activity of FPH was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities, reducing power assay, ferrous ion-chelating and total antioxidant activity tests in five different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/mL). The results indicated that with increasing concentration (5 mg/mL), the antioxidant properties of FPH were significantly increased. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion-chelating, ferric reducing antioxidant power and total antioxidant activity was related to the concentration of 5 mg/mL. In conclusion, Kilka fish enzymatic hydrolysis leads to the hydrolysate production with antioxidant properties and can be used as food additives after confirming by clinical studies.https://japb.guilan.ac.ir/article_2565_60adb763e87f58004ffadbe832e802d3.pdfUniversity of GuilanAquatic Physiology and Biotechnology2345-39665320171023Acute toxicity (LC50) of eucalyptus extract on the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) liver and gill tissues and its antibacterial effect against Aeromonas hydrophilaAcute toxicity (LC50) of eucalyptus extract on the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) liver and gill tissues and its antibacterial effect against Aeromonas hydrophila5974256710.22124/japb.2017.2567FASeyed Mohammad SadeghRoudbarakiM.Sc. in Fisheries, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, IranHadiErshadAssistant Professor in Department of Fisheries, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, IranHosseinKharaAssociate Professor in Department of Fisheries, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, IranMahdiMasoumzadehPh.D. in Veterinary, International Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, IranJournal Article20160216The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity or 50% lethal concentration within 96 hours (LC<sub>50</sub> 96 h) of eucalyptus extract on the juvenile grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngo</em><em>d</em><em>on idella</em>) and the impact of the extraction on <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. 180 grass carp with an average weight of 5g were distributed randomly in the five treatment groups with eucalyptus concentrations of 2000, 2300, 2600, 3000, 3500 ppm and one control group (with three replications). Lethal concentration of eucalyptus extract using logarithmic was found 2478.56ppm. Histopathological studies of gill and liver that were exposed to lethal concentrations of eucalyptus extracts, showed the lesions consisted of hyperemia and bleeding. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the antimicrobial agent were determined using tube dissolution method. The MIC and MBC of extract of eucalyptus against <em>A. hydrophila</em> were recorded as 0.25mg/mL and 0.5mg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the extract of eucalyptus can inhibit the growth of <em>A. hydrophila</em> in a culture medium. Due to the adverse effects of antibiotics, they can be used as an alternative to controlling and destroying <em>A. hydrophila</em>.The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity or 50% lethal concentration within 96 hours (LC<sub>50</sub> 96 h) of eucalyptus extract on the juvenile grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngo</em><em>d</em><em>on idella</em>) and the impact of the extraction on <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. 180 grass carp with an average weight of 5g were distributed randomly in the five treatment groups with eucalyptus concentrations of 2000, 2300, 2600, 3000, 3500 ppm and one control group (with three replications). Lethal concentration of eucalyptus extract using logarithmic was found 2478.56ppm. Histopathological studies of gill and liver that were exposed to lethal concentrations of eucalyptus extracts, showed the lesions consisted of hyperemia and bleeding. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the antimicrobial agent were determined using tube dissolution method. The MIC and MBC of extract of eucalyptus against <em>A. hydrophila</em> were recorded as 0.25mg/mL and 0.5mg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the extract of eucalyptus can inhibit the growth of <em>A. hydrophila</em> in a culture medium. Due to the adverse effects of antibiotics, they can be used as an alternative to controlling and destroying <em>A. hydrophila</em>.https://japb.guilan.ac.ir/article_2567_bb9f418b9526ba8c8f8219c3b7ccb3f8.pdfUniversity of GuilanAquatic Physiology and Biotechnology2345-39665320171023Effect of dietary supplementation of enriched Artemia with ethanolic leaf extract of grey mangrove Avicennia marina on growth performance, survival and stress resistance in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) postlarvaeEffect of dietary supplementation of enriched Artemia with ethanolic leaf extract of grey mangrove Avicennia marina on growth performance, survival and stress resistance in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) postlarvae7594259510.22124/japb.2017.2595FAMohammadHajianM.Sc. Student in Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, IranImanSourinejadAssociate Professor in Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, IranAghilDashtian NasabAssistant Professor in Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Shrimp Research Center, Bushehr, IranAbolfazlNajiAssistant Professor in Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, IranJournal Article20161112In the present study, nauplius of <em>Artemia</em><em>franciscana</em> was enriched with different levels (0.2 and 0.4 g/L) of ethanolic leaf extract of grey mangrove <em>Avicennia marina</em> and then was fed by Pacific white shrimp <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> postlarvae (total length average 0.2±0.05 cm and weight average 10.10±0.20 mg) by adding to basal diet for 30 days. Growth performance including total length, weight, and specific growth rate was determined on days 1, 15 and 30 and survival percentage at the end of the period. The tests of salinity and formalin stress resistance were achieved on days 15 and 30 of the culture period. Results showed that the use of extract at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4g/L had positive effects on shrimp growth in relation to the control. Shrimps fed with enriched <em>Artemia</em> had significantly higher survival than control. Salinity stress resistance in shrimps fed with enriched <em>Artemia</em> was higher than control. In formalin stress test, the survival in shrimps fed with enriched <em>Artemia</em> was higher compared to control, although this was not significantly different. In conclusion, use of <em>Artemia</em> enriched by mangrove leaf extract in the larval stage of Pacific white shrimp could improve the quality of postlarvae. In the present study, nauplius of <em>Artemia</em><em>franciscana</em> was enriched with different levels (0.2 and 0.4 g/L) of ethanolic leaf extract of grey mangrove <em>Avicennia marina</em> and then was fed by Pacific white shrimp <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> postlarvae (total length average 0.2±0.05 cm and weight average 10.10±0.20 mg) by adding to basal diet for 30 days. Growth performance including total length, weight, and specific growth rate was determined on days 1, 15 and 30 and survival percentage at the end of the period. The tests of salinity and formalin stress resistance were achieved on days 15 and 30 of the culture period. Results showed that the use of extract at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4g/L had positive effects on shrimp growth in relation to the control. Shrimps fed with enriched <em>Artemia</em> had significantly higher survival than control. Salinity stress resistance in shrimps fed with enriched <em>Artemia</em> was higher than control. In formalin stress test, the survival in shrimps fed with enriched <em>Artemia</em> was higher compared to control, although this was not significantly different. In conclusion, use of <em>Artemia</em> enriched by mangrove leaf extract in the larval stage of Pacific white shrimp could improve the quality of postlarvae. https://japb.guilan.ac.ir/article_2595_5f292ba9bd0829a563155e60eac35cdd.pdfUniversity of GuilanAquatic Physiology and Biotechnology2345-39665320171221The effect of diet different iron nanoparticle levels on growth and hematological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlingsThe effect of diet different iron nanoparticle levels on growth and hematological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings95120259910.22124/japb.2017.2599FAKomeilGholizadeh AsliM.Sc. Student in Aquaculture, Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, IranMajidrezaKhoshkholghAssociate Professor in Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, IranBahramFalahatkarProfessor in Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, IranJournal Article20161104The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different doses of zero-valent iron nanoparticles in the diet of common carp fingerling on growth performance and blood parameters. 150 fish with an average initial weight of 6.14±0.10g were fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. The diets contained 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/Kg zero-valent iron nanoparticles. The results showed that fish were fed by the diet supplemented with 150 mg/Kg zero-valent iron nanoparticles displayed significant difference in final weight, weight gain, final length, specific growth rate, body weight increase, average daily growth, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and lipid efficiency ratio (P<0.05). The highest amount of liver index was in zero treatment (P<0.05). The highest amount of red blood cells, hemoglobin level and hematocrit percent was observed in 150mg/Kg treatment and the lowest was in zero treatment (P<0.05). The lowest number of WBC and MCV index was in 150 mg/Kg treatment (P<0.05); But there was no significant difference between treatments in the values of MCV, MCH, monocytes and eosinophils (P>0.05). Based on the results, due to the increased surface to volume ratio, 150 mg/Kg zero-valent iron nanoparticles in the diet has more influence than larger scales, it is recommended in the diet of common carp fingerlings.The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different doses of zero-valent iron nanoparticles in the diet of common carp fingerling on growth performance and blood parameters. 150 fish with an average initial weight of 6.14±0.10g were fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. The diets contained 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/Kg zero-valent iron nanoparticles. The results showed that fish were fed by the diet supplemented with 150 mg/Kg zero-valent iron nanoparticles displayed significant difference in final weight, weight gain, final length, specific growth rate, body weight increase, average daily growth, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and lipid efficiency ratio (P<0.05). The highest amount of liver index was in zero treatment (P<0.05). The highest amount of red blood cells, hemoglobin level and hematocrit percent was observed in 150mg/Kg treatment and the lowest was in zero treatment (P<0.05). The lowest number of WBC and MCV index was in 150 mg/Kg treatment (P<0.05); But there was no significant difference between treatments in the values of MCV, MCH, monocytes and eosinophils (P>0.05). Based on the results, due to the increased surface to volume ratio, 150 mg/Kg zero-valent iron nanoparticles in the diet has more influence than larger scales, it is recommended in the diet of common carp fingerlings.https://japb.guilan.ac.ir/article_2599_8f658ceb779ae667cf43d32e09cd08fa.pdf