Effects of irradiated Ergosan on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and skin mucosal immune responses in crucian carp (Carassius carassius)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor in Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Associate Professor in Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran

3 Associate Professor in Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

4 M.Sc. in Abzian Nil Pars Co., Tehran, Iran

5 Ph.D. Student in Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of irradiated and non-irradiated Ergosan on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and skin mucosal immune responses in crucian carp (Carassius carassius). Fish with a mean weight of 9.16±0.36g were randomly distributed among nine aquaria in triplicates and fed diets containing irradiated Ergosan at 30 kGy (1g.kg-1), non-irradiated Ergosan (1g.kg-1), or diet without any additives (control) for 40 days. Results showed that fish fed with irradiated and non-irradiated Ergosan had higher growth performance than the control (P<0.05). Mucosal biochemical parameters, including protein, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride, were not altered by feeding treatment diets compared to the control (P>0.05). Digestive enzyme activities, including intestinal alkaline phosphatase and protease, increased with both Ergosan-treated diets, especially with irradiated Ergosan to the control (P<0.05). Skin mucosal lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, and protease activities, also enhanced after administration of irradiated and non-irradiated Ergosan compared to the control (P<0.05). This study suggests that the supplementation of Ergosan, especially in irradiated form, could improve the growth performance, some digestive enzyme activities, and skin mucosal responses in crucian carp.

Keywords

References

Ahmadifar E., Sadegh T.H., Dawood M.A.O., Dadar M. and Sheikhzadeh N. 2020. The effects of dietary Pediococcus pentosaceus on growth performance, hemato-immunological parameters and digestive enzyme activities of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Aquaculture, 516: 656–734.
Allain C.C., Poon L.S., Chan C.S., Richmond W. and Fu P.C. 1974. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clinical Chemistry, 20: 470–475.
Aranishi F., Mano N., Nakane M. and Hirose H. 1998. Epidermal response of the Japanese eel to environmental stress. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 19: 197–203.
Bagni M., Romano N., Finoia M.G., Abelli L., Scapigliati G., Tiscar P.G., Sarti M. and Marino G. 2005. Short- and long-term effects of a dietary yeast β-glucan (Macrogard) and alginic acid (Ergosan) preparation on immune response in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 18(4): 311–325.
Byun E.H., Kim J.H., Sung N.Y., Choi J., Lim S.T. and Kim K.H. 2008. Effects of gamma irradiation on the physical and structural properties of β-glucan. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 77: 781–786.
Chiu S.T., Tsai R.T., Hsu J.P., Liu C.H. and Cheng W. 2008. Dietary sodium alginate administration to enhance the non-specific immune responses, and disease resistance of the juvenile grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Aquaculture, 277: 66–72.
Dawood M.A.O., Koshio S. and Esteban M.A. 2018. Beneficial roles of feed additives as immunostimulants in aquaculture: A review. Reviews in Aquaculture, 10: 950–974.
Fossati P. and Prencipe L. 1982. Serum triglycerides determined calorimetrically with an enzyme and produces hydrogen peroxide. Clinical Chemistry, 28: 2077–2080.
Haji-Saeid M., Safrany A., Sampa M.H. and Ramamoorthy N. 2010. Radiation processing of natural polymers: The IAEA contribution. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 79: 255–260.
Han X.Y., Du W.L., Huang Q.C., Xu Z.R. and Wang Y.Z. 2012. Changes in small intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity with oral administration          of copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in rats. Biology of Trace Elements Research, 145: 355–360.
Harpaz S. and Uni Z. 1999. Activity of intestinal mucosal brush border membrane enzymes in relation to the feeding habits of three aquaculture fish species. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (A), 124: 155–160.
Heidarieh M., Afsharnasab M., Soltani M., Dashtyannasab A., Rajabifar S., Sheikhzadeh N. and Tamimi A.H. 2010. Effects of Ergosan and vibromax to prevent vibriosis and WSSV in Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 5: 120–125.
Heidarieh M., Borzouei A., Rajabifar S., Ziaie F. and Shafiei S. 2012a. Effects of gamma irradiation on antioxidant activity of Ergosan. Iranian Journal of Radiation Research, 9(4): 245–249.
Heidarieh M., Daryalal F., Mirvaghefi A.R., Shahbazfar A.A., Moodi S. and Heidarieh H. 2014. Histopathological alterations in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), induced by irradiated alginic acid. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 30(3): 543–545.
Heidarieh M., Mirvaghefi A.R., Akbari M., Farahmand H., Sheikhzadeh N., Shahbazfar A.A. and Behgar M. 2012b. Effect of dietary Ergosan on growth performance, digestive enzymes, intestinal histology, hematological parameters and body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(4): 1169–1174.
Hevroy E.M., Espe M., Waagbo R., Sandness K., Rund M. and Hemer G.I. 2005. Nutrition utilization in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed increased level of fish protein hydrolysate during a period of fast growth. Aquaculture Nutrition, 11: 301–313.
Hoseinifar S.H., Khalili M., Rufchaei R. and Raeisi M. 2016. Investigating the effects of date palm extract on growth performance and mucus immune parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) fingerlings. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research, 3(4): 89–100.
Hummel B.C.W. 1959. A modified spectrophotometric determination of chymotrypsin, trypsin, and thrombin. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37: 1393–1399.
Imbrogno S., Aiello D. and Filice M. 2019. MS-based proteomic analysis of cardiac response to hypoxia in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Scientific Reports, 9: 1–11 (18953).
Jalali M.A., Ahmadifar E., Sudagar M. and Azari Takami G. 2009. Growth efficiency, body composition, survival and haematological changes in great sturgeon (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758) juveniles fed diets supplemented with different levels of Ergosan. Aquaculture Research, 40(7): 804–809.
Karim M.R., Lim K.T., Lee C.J., Islam Bhuiyan M.T., Kim H.J. and Park L.S. 2007. Synthesis of core-shell silver–polyaniline nanocomposites by gamma radiolysis method. Journal of Polymer Science Part, 45: 5741–5747.
Keene J.L. and Noakes D.L.G. 1998. The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture Research, 29(2): 89–101.
Kulkarni V.S., Butte K.D. and Rathod S. 2012. Natural polymers- A comprehensive review. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 3: 1597–1613.
Lott J.A. and Turner K. 1975. Evaluation of trinder’s glucose oxidase method for measuring glucose in serum and urine. Clinical Chemistry, 21: 1754–1760.
Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J. 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 193: 265–275.
Nekoubin H., Hajimoradloo A. and Hoseinifar S.H. 2020. Effects of apple cider vinegar on growth performance and non-specific immune parameters of skin mucus in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 8(5): 311–316.
Nematollahi M.A., Izadi M., Ziaie F., Mirvaghefi A.R., Heidarieh M. and Mahmoodi S. 2019. Comparison between of effect of Ergosan particles and nano-particles as produced by using gamma rays and ultrasonic waves on the growth and stress parameters indices of rainbow trout. Journal of Aquaculture Sciences, 7(2): 123–131.
Nussler A.K. and Thompson A.W. 1992. Immunomodulatory agents in the laboratory and clinic. Journal of Parasitology, 105: 5–23.
Ojolick E.J., Cusack R., Benfey T.J. and Kerr S.R. 1995. Survival and growth of all female diploid Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared at chronic high temperature. Aquaculture, 131: 177–187.
Palaksha K.J., Shin G.W., Kim Y.R. and Jung T.S. 2008. Evaluation of non-specific immune components from the skin mucus of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 24: 479–488.
Pasanphan W., Rimdusit P., Choofong S., Piroonpan T. and Nilsuwankosit S. 2010. Systematic fabrication of chitosan nanoparticle by gamma irradiation. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 79: 1095–1102.
Peddie S., Zou J. and Secombes C.J. 2002. Immunostimulation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following intraperitoneal administration of Ergosan. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 86: 101–113.
Platel K., Rao A., Saraswahi G. and Srinivasan K. 2002. Digestive stimulant action of three Indian spices mixes in experimental rats. Die Nahrung, 46: 394–398.
Rungruangsak-Torrissen K., Moss R., Andresen L.H., Berg A. and Waagbo R. 2006. Different expressions of trypsin and chymotrypsin in relation to growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 32: 7–23.
Sheikhzadeh N., Asadpour R., Jafari Jozani R.A. and Tayefi-Nasrabadi H. 2010. Effect of Ergosan on semen quality of male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstock. Animal Reproduction Science, 122: 183–188.
Sheikhzadeh N., Chehrara F., Heidarieh M., Nofouzi K. and Baradaran B. 2016.  Irradiated Ergosan extract effects on the growth performance and mucus biological components of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 34(1): 13–18.
Sheikhzadeh N., Karimi Pashaki A., Nofouzi K., Heidarieh M. and Tayefi-Nasrabadi H. 2012. Effects of dietary Ergosan on cutaneous mucosal immune response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 32: 407–410.
Soltani M., Lymbery A., Song S.K. and Hosseini Shekarabi P. 2019. Adjuvant effects of medicinal herbs and probiotics for fish vaccines. Reviews in Aquaculture, 11: 1325–1341.
Song E.J., Lee S.Y., Kim K.B.W.R., Park J.G., Kim J.H., Lee J.W., Byun M.W. and Ahn D.H. 2007. Effect of gamma irradiation on the physical properties of alginic acid and λ-carrageenan. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 36(7): 902–907.
Stokke B.T., Draget K.I., Smidsrod O., Yuguchi Y., Urakawa H. and Kajiwara K. 2000. Small-angle x-ray scattering and rheological characterization of alginate gels. 1. Ca-alginate gels. Macromolecules, 33(5): 1853–1863.
Suljevic D., Alijagic A., Mitrasinovic-Brulic M., Focak M. and Islamagic E. 2016. Comparative physiological assessment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (Carassius carassius) based on electrolyte and hematological analysis. Macedonian Journal of Animal Science, 6(2): 95–100.
Wang Y.B. and Li J.R. 2011. Effects of chitosan nanoparticles on survival, growth and meat quality of tilapia, Oreochromis nilotica. Nanotoxicology, 5(3): 425–431.
Wu T., Sun L.C., Du C.H., Cai Q.F., Zhang Q.B., Su W.J. and Cao M.J. 2009. Identification of pepsinogens and pepsins from the stomach of European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Food Chemistry, 115: 137–42.
Yousefi M., Ghafarifarsani H., Hoseinifar S.H., Rashidiand G. and Doan H.V. 2021. Effects of dietary marjoram, Origanum majorana extract on growth performance, hematological, antioxidant, humoral and mucosal immune responses, and resistance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunity, 108: 127–133.
Yousefi S., Shokri M.M., Noveirian H.A. and Hoseinifar S.H. 2020. Effects of dietary yeast cell wall on biochemical indices, serum and skin mucus immune responses, oxidative status and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 106: 464–472.
Zhou X.X., Wang Y.B., Gu Q. and Li W.F. 2009. Effects of different dietary selenium sources (selenium nanoparticle and selenomethionine) on growth performance, muscle composition and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity of crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Aquaculture, 291(1-2): 78–81.
Aquatic Physiology and Biotechnology
Volume 9, Issue 2
September 2021
Pages 107-124

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics