Effect of fish meal replacement with Aqupro (processed soybean meal) on hematological and biochemical indices of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student in Aquaculture, Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran

2 Professor in Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran

3 Professor in Department of Marine Sciences, The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

10.22124/japb.2023.22854.1480

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fish meal replacement by Aqupro (processed soybean meal) on hematological and biochemical indices of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). To do this, 105 juvenile Siberian sturgeon (initial body weight 171.79±1.07g) were distributed in five treatments each with three replicates. The experimental treatments included the control (AP0), 20 (AP20), 40 (AP40), 60 (AP60) and 80 (AP80) percent replacement of Aqupro substituted with fish meal. Fish were fed according to apparent satiation four times daily for 12 weeks. According to the results, the highest final weight was observed in the control treatment (252.95±27.00g) and among the treatments containing Aqupro, the highest and lowest weights were observed in AP60 (226.38±14.71g) and AP40 (211.09±4.14g), respectively, but no significant difference was observed in any treatments (P>0.05). Hematological results showed significant differences in the number of white blood cells and differential white blood cells in some treatments with the control group (P<0.05). The percent of lymphocytes showed no significant difference between treatments and control (P>0.05), but AP20 and AP40 showed significant differences with AP60 and AP80 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH and MCHC among treatments (P>0.05). The highest cholesterol level was observed in AP60 and showed a significant difference with control (P<0.05). Glucose levels showed significant differences between different treatments, as the lowest level was found in AP80 and indicated a significant difference with control (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in plasma triglyceride and proteins (total protein, globulin and albumin) compared with control (P<0.05). According to the results of this study, due to the importance of fish meal and its high price, nutritional value of Aqupro and easy accessibility and also no negative impact on measured indices, replacement of high levels of fish meal with Aqupro is possible in Siberian sturgeon diet.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Adamek Z., Prokes M., Barus V. and Sukop I. 2007. Diet and growth of 1+ Siberian sturgeon, (Acipenser baerii) in alternative pond culture. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13: 153–160.
Ahmadifar E., Akrami R., Ghelichi A. and Mohammadi Zarejabad A. 2011. Effects of different dietary prebiotic inulin levels on blood serum enzyme, hematologic and biochemical parameters of great sturgeon (Huso huso) juvenile. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 20: 447–451. doi: 10.1007/s00580-010-1017-2
Alexander N., Laurs R.M., Mcintosh A. and Russell W. 1980. Haematological characteristics of albacore, Thunnus alulunga (Bonnaterre), and skipjack, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus). Journal of Fish Biology, 16: 383–395. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb03716.x
Alishahi M., Soltani M., Mesbah M. and Esmaili Rad A. 2011. Effects of dietary Silybum marianum extract on some immune responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Veterinary Research, 66: 255–263.
Andrews S.R., Sahu N.P., Pal A.K. and Kumar S. 2009. Hematological modulation and growth of Labeo rohita fingerlings: Effect of dietary mannanoligosaccharide, yeast extract, protein hydrolysate and chlorella. Aquaculture Research, 41: 61–69. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02304.x
Bakke-McKellep A.M., Press C.M.L., Baeverfjord G., Krogdahl A. and Landsverk T. 2000. Changes inimmune and enzyme histochemical phenotypes of cells in the intestinal mucosa of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., with soybean meal-induced enteritis. Journal of Fish Diseases, 23: 115–127. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2000.00218.x
Ballarin L., Dalloro M., Bertotto D., Libertini I., Francescon A. and Barbaro A. 2004. Hematological parameters in Umbrina cirrosa (Teleostei, Sciaenidae): A comparison between diploid and triploid specimens. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 138: 45–51. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.02.019
Barcellos L.J.G., Kreutz L.C., Souza C., Rodrigues L.B., Fioreze I., Quevedo R.M., Cericato L., Soso A.B., Fagundes M., Conrad J., Lacerda L.A. and Terra S. 2004. Hematological changes in jundia (Rhamdia quelen Quoy and Gaimard Pimelodidae) after acute and chronic stress caused by usual aquacultural management, with emphasis on immunosuppressive effects. Aquaculture, 237: 229–236. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.03.026
Barrows T.F., Stone D.A.J. and Hardy R.W. 2007. The effects of extrusion conditions on the nutritional value of soybean meal for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 254: 466–475. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.017
Bemis W.E., Findeis E.K. and Grande L. 1997. An overview of Acipenseriformes. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 48: 25–71. doi: 10.1023/A:1007370213924
Boonyaratpalin M., Suraneiranat P. and Tunpibal T. 1998. Replacement of fish meal with various types of soybean products in diets for the Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). Aquaculture, 161: 67–78. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00257-3
Bronzi P., Rosenthal H. and Gessner J. 2011. Global sturgeon aquaculture production: An overview. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27: 169–175. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01757.x
Calemine J., Zalenka J., Karpuzoglu-Sahin E., Ward D.L., Lengi A. and Ahmed S.A. 2003. The immune system of geriatric mice is modulated by estrogenic endocrine disruptors (diethylstilbestrol, alphazearalanol, and genistein): Effects on interferongamma. Toxicology, 194: 115–128. doi: 10.1016/s0300-483x(03)00286-5
Cho S.M., Gu Y.S. and Kim S.B. 2005. Extraction optimization and physical properties of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) skin gelatin compared to mammalian gelatins. Food Hydrocoll, 19: 221–229. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2004.05.005
Choi S.M., Wang X., Park G.J., Lim S.R., Kim K.W., Bai S.C. and Sin I.S. 2004. Dietary dehulled soybean meal as a replacement for fish meal in fingerling and growing olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel). Aquaculture Research, 35: 410–418. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01046.x
Defaee S., Falahatkar B. and Efatpanah I. 2016. Effects of digestrom P.E.P on growth and some hematological parameters of juvenile beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 5(1): 83–95.
Egounlety M. and Aworh O.C. 2003. Effect of soaking, dehulling, cooking and fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus on the oligosaccharides, trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid and tannins of soy-   bean (Glycine max), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)            and groundbean (Macrotyloma geocarpa). Journal of Food Engineering, 56: 249–254. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01046.x
Emdadi B., Sajjadi M.M., Yazdani M.A., Shakurian M. and Pourdehghani M. 2013. Influence of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on carcass composition and plasma biochemical parameters of stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus). Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics, 2(1): 41–53.
Eslamloo K., Falahatkar B. and Yokoyama S. 2012. Effects of dietary bovine lactoferrin on growth, physiological performance, iron metabolism and non-specific immune responses of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 32: 976–985. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.007
Falahatkar B. 2018. Nutritional requirements of the siberian sturgeon: An updated synthesis. P: 207–228. In: Williot P., Nonnotte G., Vizziano-Cantonnet D. and Chebanov M. (Eds.). The Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869), Vol. 1: Biologgy. Springer, Cham, Switzerland. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-61664-3_11
Falahatkar B., Eslamloo K. and Yokoyama S. 2014. Suppression of stress responses in siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) juveniles by the dietary administration of bovine lactoferrin. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 45(6): 699–708. doi: 10.1111/jwas.12153
FAO. 2019. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Italy. 230P. doi: 10.18356/8c28d3e2-en
Flores-Miranda M., Luna-Gonzalez A., Campa-Cordova A.I., Gonzalez-Ocampo H.A., Fierro Coronado J.A. and Partida-Arangure B.O. 2011. Microbial immunostimulants reduce mortality in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenged with Vibrio sinaloensis strains. Aquaculture, 320: 51–55. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.08.005
Fynn-Aikins K., Hung S.S.O., Liu W. and Li H. 1992. Growth lipogenesis and liver composition of juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) fed different carbohydrate levels of D-glucose. Aquaculture, 105: 61–72. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90162-E
Gabriel U.U., Ezeri G.N.O. and Opabunmi O.O. 2004. Influence of sex, source, health status and acclimation on the haematology of Clarias gariepinus. African Journal of Biotechnology, 3: 463–467. doi: 10.5897/AJB2004.000-2090
Gatlin D.M., Barrows F.T., Brown P., Dabrowski K., Gaylord T.G., Hardy R.W., Herman E., Hu G., Krogdahl A., Nelson R., Overturf K., Rust M., Sealy W., Skonberg D., Souza E.J., Stone D., Wilson R. and Wurtele E. 2007. Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aqua feeds: A review. Aquaculture Research, 38(6): 551–579. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01704.x
Gisbert E. and Williot P. 2002. Advances in the larval rearing of Siberian sturgeon. Journal of Fish Biology, 60(5): 1071–1092. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01705.x
Haghbayan S., Shamsaie M., Eila N., Abdolahtabar S.Y., Bozorg Zadeh P. and Rezaie D. 2015. Effects of dietary soybean meal (HP310) source on growth performance and blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Fisheries, 68(2): 209–223. dio: 10.22059/jfisheries.2015.55115
Hajibeglou A. and Sudagar M. 2010. Immune response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed with herbal immunostimulants diets. Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9: 1839–1847. doi: 10.3923/javaa.2010.1839.1847
Hansen A.C., Rosenlund G., Karlsen O., Koppe W. and Hemre G.I. 2007. Total replacement of fish meal with plant proteins in diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). I- Effects on growth and protein retention. Aquaculture, 272: 599–611. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.08.034
Hardy R.W. 2002. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). P: 184–202. In: Webster C.D. and Lim C.E. (Eds.). Nutrient Requirements and Feeding of Finfish for Aquaculture. CABI Publishing, USA. doi: 10.1079/9780851995199.0184
Holcik J. 1989. The Freshwater Fishes of Europe, Vol. 1. Aula Verlag, Germany. 447P.
Hosseinifard S.M., Ghobadi S., Khodabakhsh E. and Razeghi Mansour M. 2013. The effect of different levels of soybean meals and avizyme enzyme supplement on hematological and biochemical parameters of serum in rainbow trout. Iranian Veterinary Journal, 9(3): 43–53.
Imanpoor M.R., Bagheri T. and Azimi A. 2010. Effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal in diet on some morphometric indices of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. World Journal of Zoology, 5(4): 320–323.
Jahanbakhshi A., Imanpoor M.R., Taghizadeh V. and Shabani A. 2013. Hematological and serum biochemical indices changes induced by replacing fish meal with plant protein (sesame oil cake and corn gluten) in the Great sturgeon (Huso huso). Comparative Clinical Pathology, 22: 1087–1092. doi: 10.1007/s00580-012-1532-4
Jalili R., Tukmechi A., Agh N., Noori F. and Ghasemi A. 2013. Replacement of dietary fish meal with plant sources in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss); effect on growth performance, immune responses, blood indices and disease resistance. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 12: 577–591. doi: 10.22092/IJFS.2018.114300
Kaushik S.J., Cravedi J.P., Lalles J.P., Sumpter J., Fauconneau B. and Laroche M. 1995. Partial or total replacement of fish meal by soybean protein on growth, protein utilization, potential estrogenic or antigenic effects, cholesterolemia and flesh quality in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 133: 257–274. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(94)00403-B
Kumar A. 2003. Aquatic Environment and Toxicology. Daya Publishing House, India. 431P.
Lim S.J. and Lee K.J. 2009. Partial replacement of fish meal by cottonseed meal and soybean meal with iron and phytase supplementation for parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus. Aquaculture, 290: 283–289. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.02.018
Luskova V. 1995. Determination of normal values in fish. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica, 39: 191–200.
Matter F., Peganova S. and Eder K. 2004. Lipid concentrations of fillets, liver, plasma and lipoproteins of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), fed diets with varying protein concentrations. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 88: 275–287. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2004.00483.x
Messina M., McCaskill-Stevens W. and Lampe J.W. 2006. Addressing the soy and breast cancer relationship: Review, commentary, and workshop proceedings. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 98: 275–284. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djj356
Miyazaki T. 1998. A simple method to evaluate respiratory burst activity of blood phagocytes from Japanese flounder. Fish Pathology, 33: 141–142.
Mohammadi Nafchi F., Mohammadi Azarm H., Yavari V., Salati A.P. and Zanguee N. 2019. Digestive enzyme activity, body composition and biochemical blood factor of juvenile binni fish fed soybean meal and baker's yeast. Journal of Ichthyological Research, 6(3): 129–142.
Movahedrad F., Hajimoradloo A., Zamani A. and Kolangi H. 2018. Effect of dietary fish meal replacement by AquPro (Processed soybean meal) on growth performance and digestive enzymes activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 27(2): 47–59. doi: 10.22092/ISFJ.2018.116694
Munker R., Hillwe E., Glass J. and Paquette R. 2007. Modern Hematology: Biology and Clinical Management. Humana Press,             USA. 498P. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-149-9
Murphy P.A., Song T., Buseman G., Barua K., Beecher G.R., Trainer D. and Holden J. 1999. Iso-flavones in retail and institutional soy foods. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 47: 2697–2704. doi: 10.1021/jf981144o
Nespolo R.F. and Rosenmann M. 2002. Intraspecific allometry of haematological parameters in Basilichtys australis. Journal of Fish Biology, 60: 1358–1362. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01732.x
NRC (National Research Council). 2011. Nutrient Requirements of fish and shrimp. National Academy of Sciences, USA. 376P. doi: 10.1007/s10499-011-9480-6
Ogunji J.O., Kloas W., Wirth M., Neumann N. and Pietsch C. 2008. Effect of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets on the performance, concentration of plasma glucose, cortisol and blood characteristics of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 92: 511–518. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00745.x
Pagheh E., Ghafleh Marammazi J., Agh N., Noori F., Sepahdari A. and Torfi Mozanzadeh M. 2019. Effects of dietary soybean lecithin on growth performance, feed utilization and hematological parameters of juvenile sobaity seabream (Sparidentex hasta). Iranian Scientific Fisheries         Journal, 28(1): 131–144. doi: 10.22092/ISFJ.2019.118886
Peeters P.H., Keinan-Boker Y.T., Schouw V. and Grobbee D.E. 2003. Phytoestrogens and breast cancer risk. Review of the epidemiological evidence. Breast Cancer Research Treatment Journal, 77(2): 171–183. doi: 10.1023/a:1021381101632
Peres H., Lim C. and Klesius P.H. 2003. Nutritional value of heat-treated soybean meal for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 225: 67–82. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00289-8
Refstie S., Sahlstrom S., Brathen E., Baeverfjord G. and Krogedal P. 2005. Lactic acid fermentation eliminates indigestible carbo-hydrates and antinutritional factors in soybean meal for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 246: 331–345. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.01.001
Rehulka J. 2000. Influence of astaxanthin on growth rate, condition, and some blood indices of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 190: 27–47. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00383-5
Rios F.S., Kalinin A.L. and Rantin F.T. 2002. The Effects of long-term food deprivation on respiration and haematology of the neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus. Journal of Fish Biology, 61: 85–95. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01738.x
Roberts R.J. 2001. Fish Pathology. Sounders, UK. 472P.
Rumsey G.L., Siwicki A.K., Anderson D.P. and Bowser P.R. 1994. Effect of soybean protein on serological response, non-specific defense mechanisms, growth, and protein utilization in rainbow trout. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 41: 323–339. doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90105-8
Saedi M., Sajjadi M.M., Hoseinzadeh Sahafi H. and Emadi H. 2012. Effect of replacing fish meal by soybean meal in diet of red pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) Journal of Fisheries, 65(1): 27–37. doi: 10.22059/JFISHERIES.2012.24867
Safaei H., Khara H., Falahatkar B. and Vahabzadeh H. 2019. The replacement effect of soybean meal instead of fish meal in the diet on growth, quality of meat and some blood factors in sterlet fry (Acipenser ruthenus). Journal of Animal Environment, 11(1): 181–188.
Salahshoori E., Falahatkar B. and Efatpanah I. 2017. The Effect of dietary protein levels on growth performance and hematological parameters of juvenile beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). Journal of Aquaculture Development, 11(1): 51–62.
Sandstrom O. 1989. Seasonal variations in some blood parameters in perch, Perca fluviatilis L. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 5(2): 85–95. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.1989.tb00477.x
Shahsavani. D. 1998. Determination of hematological indices in sturgeons in southeastern coast of the Caspian Sea (In Persian). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tehran, Iran. 120P.
Silva-Carrillo Y., Hernandez C., Hardy R.W., Gonzalez-Rodriguez B. and Castillo-Vargasmachuca S. 2012. The effect of substituting fish meal with soybean meal on growth, feed efficiency, body composition and blood chemistry in juvenile spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus). Aquaculture, 364: 180–185. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.007
Skov P.V., Larsen B.K., Frisk M. and Jokumsen A. 2011. Effects of rearing density and water current on the respiratory physiology and haematology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at high temperature. Aquaculture, 319: 446–452. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.07.008
Sotoudeh E., Amiri Moghaddm J., Shahoseini G.R. and Bagheri D. 2017. Changes in final weight, survival and fatty acids composition of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) fed gamma-irradiated and fermented soybean meal. Aquatic Animals Nutrition, 2(2): 33–46. doi: 10.22124/JANB.2017.3167
Steele T.A. and Brahmi Z. 1988. Phosphatidylinositol metabolism accompanies early activation events in tumor target cell-stimulated human natural killer cells. Cell Immunology, 112: 402–413. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(88)90309-7
Stoskopf M.K. 1998. Marine Mammals. Environmental Diseases. National Publishing Inc, USA. 1359P.
Swick R.A., Akiyama D.M., Boonyaratpalin M. and Creswell D.C. 1995. Use of soybean meal and synthetic methionine in shrimp feed. American Soybean Association, USA. 43P.
Taghizadeh V., Imanpoor M.R., Asadi R., Chamanara V. and Sharbati S. 2011. Effects of plant proteins as food on growth performance, carcass quality and plasma biochemical parameters of beluga juvenile (Huso huso). Iranian Scientific Fisheries       Journal, 19(4): 33–42. doi: 10.22092/ISFJ.2017.109958
Taghva K., Falahatkar B. and Sajadi M.M. 2020. Effect of fish meal replacement with Aqupro (processed soybean meal) on growth performance and body composition of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Jouranl of Aquaculture Sciences, 8(2): 178–191.
Tantikitti C., Sangpong W. and Chiavareesajja S. 2005. Effects of defatted soybean protein levels on growth performance and nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). Aquaculture, 248: 41–50. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.027
Tavares-Dias M., Tenani R.A., Gioli L.D. and Faustino C.D. 1999. Caracteristicas hematologicas de teleosteos brasileiros. II. Parametros sanguineos do Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (Osteichthyes, Characidae) em policultivo intensive. Revista Brasilera de Zoologia, 16: 423–431. doi: 10.1590/s0101-81751999000200008
Vinodhini R. and Narayanan M. 2009. The impact of toxic heavy metals on the hematological parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 8: 23–28.
Wang J., Yun B., Xue M., Wu X., Zheng Y. and Li P. 2012. Apparent digestibility coefficients of several protein sources, and replacement of fishmeal by porcine meal in diets of Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicas), are affected by dietary protein levels. Aquaculture Research, 43: 117–127. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02810.x
Wang Y.P., Tang J.S., Chu C.Q. and Tian J. 2000. A preliminary study on the introduction and cultivation of Crambe abyssinica in China, an oil plant for industrial uses. Industrial Crops and Products, 12: 47–52. doi: 10.1016/S0926-6690(99)00066-7
Whitten P.L. and Naftolin F. 1992. Effects of a phytoestrogen diet on estrogen-dependent reproductive processes in immature female rats. Steroids, 57(2): 56–61. doi: 10.1016/0039-128x(92)90029-9
Williot P., Sabeau L., Gessner J., Arlati G., Bronzi P., Gulyas T. and Berni P. 2001. Sturgeon farming in Western Europe: Recent developments and perspectives. Aquatic Living Resources, 14(6): 367–374. doi: 10.1016/S0990-7440(01)01136-6
World Bank. 2013. Fish to 2030: Prospects for fisheries and aquaculture. Report Number 83177-GLB, Agriculture and Environmental Services (AES), World Bank Group, USA. 100P.
Yamamoto T., Iwashita Y., Matsunari H., Sugita T., Furuita H., Akimoto A., Okamatsu K. and Suzuki N. 2010. Influence of fermentation conditions for soybean meal in a non-fish meal diet on the growth performance and physiological condition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 309: 173–180. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.09.021
Ye J., Liu X., Wang Z. and Wang K. 2011. Effect of partial fish meal replacement by soybean meal on the growth performance and biochemical indices of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Aquaculture, 19: 143–153. doi: 10.1007/s10499-010-9348-1
Zhang Y., Song T.T., Cunnick J.E., Murphy P.A. and Hendrich S. 1999. Daidzein and genistein glucuronides in vitro are weakly estrogenic and activate human natural killer cells as nutritionally relevant concentrations. Journal of Nutrition, 129(2): 399–405. doi: 10.1093/jn/129.2.399
Zhou Q.C., Mai K.S., Tan B.P. and Liu Y.J. 2005. Partial replacement of fishmeal by soybean meal                   in diets for juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquaculture Nutrition, 11(3): 175–182. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2005.00335.x
Zhu H., Gong G., Wang J., Wu X.F., Xue M., Niu C.J., Guo L.Y. and Yu Y. 2011. Replacement of fish meal with blend of rendered animal protein in diets for Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), results in performance equal to fish meal fed fish. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17: 1389–1395. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00773.x
Aquatic Physiology and Biotechnology
Volume 11, Issue 3
January 2024
Pages 41-68

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics