Determination some of growth performance, Serum biochemical and Liver enzymes status of fingerling Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii (Brandt 1896) fed with different levels of folic acid

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. in Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor in Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

To investigate the effect of dietary folic acid (FA) on growth performance, serum biochemical indices and liver enzymes status of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt 1896), six isonitrogenou and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain graded levels of FA including 0.60, 1.63, 2.71, 3.59, 4.82 and 5.68 mg/kg). Each diet was fed to fish (4.36±0.18g) in a flow through water system for 8 weeks. Examined indices in this study included relative growth rate, daily growth coefficient, feed conversion ratio as well as amount of cholesterol, triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase activity, glutathione S-transferase and malondialdehyde. The results showed that the use of folic acid at the level of 2.71mg/kg increased the growth performance and daily growth coefficient of Siberian sturgeon and caused a statistically significant increase in daily growth percentage of fishes (P<0.05). On the other hand, feed conversion ratio decreased with increasing dietary folic acid level from 0.60 to 2.71 mg/kg and then increased. No statistically significant difference was observed in the alkaline phosphatase activity of fish fed with different levels of folic acid (P>0.05). Glutathione S-transferase activity was not affected by different concentrations of dietary folic acid. Furthermore, different concentrations of dietary folic acid could not make a statistically significant effect on the level of triglyceride, cholesterol and malondialdehyde (P>0.05). The folic acid requirement of Siberian sturgeon based on the daily growth coefficient was estimated to be 1.65 mg/kg diet.

Keywords


سلحشوری ا.، فلاحتکارب. و عفت‌پناه ا. 1396. تاثیر سطوح پروتئین جیره بر عملکرد رشد و شاخص‌های خونی بچه فیل‌ماهی. نشریه توسعه آبزی‌پروری، 11(1): 62-51.
فلاحتکار ب. 1393. تغذیه و جیره نویسی آبزیان. انتشارا ت موسسه آموزش عالی علمی کاربردی جهاد کشاورزی، تهران. 334ص.
نادری م.، خارا ح. و یزدانی ساداتی م. 1395. تاثیر متقابل ویتامین C و اسیدفولیک بر فاکتورهای خونی و ایمنی بچه ماهی شیپ. فیزیولوژی و تکوین جانوری (علوم زیستی)، 10(1): 77-67.
Ai Q., Mai K., Zhang C., Xu W., Duan Q., Tan B. and Liufu Z. 2004. Effects of dietary vitamin C on growth and immune response of Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Aquaculture, 242: 489–500.
Akinsanya M.A., Taiwo A.T., Gabriel A.O. and Musbau O.A. 2010. Effects of vitamin E and folic acid on some antioxidant enzymes activities of female Wistar rats administered combined oral contraceptives. African Journal of Biochemistry Research, 4: 238–242.
Aoe H., Masuda I. and Takada T. 1967. Water-soluble vitamin requirements of carp. Requirement for folic acid. Bulletin of the Japanese Society for the Science of Fish, 33: 1068–1071.
Araujo M.M., Marchioni E., Bergaentzle M., Zhao M., Kuntz F., Hahn E. and Villavicencio A.L.C.H. 2011. Irradiation stability of folic acid in powder and aqueous solution. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(4): 1244–1248.
Asaikkutti A., Bhavan P.S. and Vimala K. 2016. Effects of different levels of dietary folic acid on the growth performance, muscle composition, immune response and antioxidant capacity of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture, 464: 136–144.
Bailey S.W. and Ayling J.E. 2009. The extremely slow and variable activity of dihydrofolate reductase in human liver and its implications for high folic acid intake. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(36): 154–249.
Cowey C.B. and Woodward B. 1993. The dietary requirement of young rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for folic acid. Journal of Nutrition, 123(9): 1594–1600.
Diez N., Perez R., Hurtado V. and Santidrian S. 2005. Hyper homocysteinaemia induced by dietary folate restriction causes kidney oxidative stress in rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 94: 204–210.
Doroshov S.I., Moberg G.P., Van Eenennaam J.P. 1997. Observations on the reproductive cycle of cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transomntanus Richardson). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 48: 265–278.
Duncan P.L., Lovell R.T., Butterworth Jr. C.E., Freeberg L.E. and Tamura T. 1993. Dietaryfolate requirement determined for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of Nutrition, 123(11): 1888–1897.
Ebaid H., Bashandy S.A.E., Alhazza I.M., Rady A. and El-Shehry S. 2013. Folic acid and melatonin ameliorate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury, oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Nutrition and Metabolism, 10(1): 1–10.
Engevik M.A., Morra C.N., Roth D., Engevik K., Spinler J.K., Devaraj S. and Versalovic J. 2019. Microbial metabolic capacity for intestinal folate production and modulation of host folate receptors. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10: 1–17 (2305).
Falahatkar B. 2018. Nutritional requirements of the Siberian sturgeon: An updated synthesis. P: 207–228.In: Williot P., Nonnotte G., Vizziano-Cantonnet D. and Chebanov M. (Eds.). The Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869), Vol. 1: Biology. Springer, Switzerland.
 Falahatkar B., Akhavan S.R., Poursaeid S. and Hasirbaf E. 2014. Use of sex steroid profiles and hematological indices to identify perinucleolus and migratory gonadal stages of captive Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii (Brandt, 1869) females. Applied Ichthyology. 30(6): 1578–1584.
Gazzali A.M., Lobry M., Colombeau L., Acherar S., Azais H., Mordon S. and Frochot C. 2016. Stability of folic acid under several parameters. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 93: 419–430.
Gisbert E. and Williot P. 2002. Advances in the larval rearing of Siberian sturgeon. Journal of Fish Biology, 60(5): 1071–1092.
Gul Y., Gao Z.X., Qian X.Q. and Wang W.M. 2011. Haematological and serum biochemical characterization and comparison of wild and cultured northern snakehead (Channa argus Cantor, 1842). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27(1): 122–128.
Habig W.T. and Jakoby W.B. 1981. Glutathion S transferase (rat and human). Methods in Enzymology, 77: 218–231.
Habte-Tsion H.M., Liu B., Ren M.C., Ge X.P., Xie J., Zhou Q.L., Miao L.H., Pan L.K. and Chen R. 2015. Dietary threonine requirement of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Aquaculture, 437: 304–311.
Halver J.E. 1957. Nutrition of salmonid fishes. III. Water soluble vitamin requirements of chinook salmon. Journal of Nutrition, 62: 225–243.
Halver J.E. 1982. The vitamins required for cultivated salmonids. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (B), 73(1): 43–50.
Heydrick S.J., Weiss N., Thomas S.R., Cap A.P., Pimentel D.R., Loscalzo J. and Keaney J.F. 2004. L-homocysteine and L-homocystine stereo specifically induce endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent lipid peroxidation in endothelial cell. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 36: 632–640.
Hung S.S.O. 1991. Hand Book of Nutrition Requirement of Finfish. CRS Press, USA. 204P.
Hung S.S.O. and Deng D.F. 2002. Sturgeon Acipenser spp. P: 344–357. In: Webster C.D. and Lim C. (Eds.). Nutrient Requirements and Feeding of Finfish for Aquaculture. CABI Publishing, USA.
Hyder M.A., Hasan M. and Mohieldein A.H. 2013. Comparative levels of ALT, AST, ALP and GGT in liver associated diseases. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3: 280–284.
Jiang W.D., Feng L., Liu Y., Jiang J., Hu K., Li S.H. and Zhou X.Q. 2010. Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidant and antioxidant status of muscle, intestine and hepatopancreas for juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) fed graded levels of myo-inositol. Food Chemistry, 120(3): 692–697.
Khoubnasabjafari M., Ansarin K. and Jouyban A. 2015. Reliability of malondialdehyde as a biomarker of oxidative stress in psychological disorders. Bio Impacts, 5: 123–127.
Kocamann E.M., Yanik T. Erdogan O. and Cilatas A.K. 2005. Alterration in cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride level for reproduction of rainbow trout. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 4(9): 801–804.
Koksal G., Rad F. and Kindir M. 2000. Growth performance and feed conversion effiency of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) juvenile reared in concrete raceways. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 24: 443–446.
Larsson A. and Lewander K. 1973. Metabolic effects of starvation in the eel, Anguilla anguilla L. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (A), 44: 367–374.
Latha M. and Pari L. 2003. Preventive effects of Cassia auriculata L. lowers on brain lipid peroxidation in rats treated with streptozotoci. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 243: 23–28.
Lin Y.H., Lin H.Y. and Shiau S.Y. 2011. Dietary folic acid requirement of grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus, and its effects on non-specific immune responses. Aquaculture, 317: 133–137.
Mambrini M. and Kaushik S.J. 1995. Indispensable amino acid requirements of fish: Correspondence between quantitative data and amino acid profiles of tissue proteins. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 11: 240–247.
Maynard C., Cummins I., Green J. and Weinkove D. 2018. A bacterial route for folic acid supplementation. BMC Biology, 16(1): 1–10 (67).
Miao S., Zhang W., Xu W. and Mai K. 2013. Dietary folic acid requirement of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Aquaculture 400-401, 73–76.
Moat S.J., Hill M.H., McDowell I.F.W., Pullin C.H., Ashfield-Watt P.A.L., Clark Z.E., Whiting J.M., Newcombe R.G., Lewis M.J. and Powers H.J. 2003. Reduction in plasma total homocysteine through increasing folate intake in healthy individuals is not associated with changes in measures of antioxidant activity or oxidant damage. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57: 483–489.
Mohd Khan Y. and Khan M.A. 2020. Dietary folic acid requirement of fingerling catla, Catla catla (Hamilton). Aquaculture Nutrition, 26(4): 1035–1045.
Morgan S.L. and Baggott J.E. 2006. Anemias. P: 523–540. In: Heimburger D.C. and Ard J.D. (Eds.). Handbook of Clinical Nutrition. Mosby, USA.
NRC. 2011. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. The National Academies Press, USA. 376P.
Palmegiano G.M., Bianchini M., Boccignone M., Forneris G., Sicuro B. and Zoccarato I. 1993. Effects of starvation and meal timing on fatty acid composition in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Rivista Italian Aquaculture, 28: 5–11.
Rad F., Koksal G. and Kindir M. 2003. Growth performance and feed conversion ratio of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) at different dally feeding rates. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, 24: 1085–1090.
Ramamoorthy K. and Verma R.S. 2008. Convergence pattern studies of folate receptor. Bioinformation, 3(4): 168–172.
Regost C., Arzel J. and Kaushik J. 1999. Partial or replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot. Aquaculture, 180: 99–177.
Robbins K.R., Saxton A.M. and Southern L.L. 2006. Estimation of nutrient requirements using broken-line regression analysis. Journal of Animal Science 84, 155–165.
Ronayi A. and Peteri A. 1990. Comparison of growth rate of Sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus L., and hybrid of Sterlet × Lena river sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus L. × Acipenser baerii stenorhynchus Nikolsky. Aquaculture Hungarica, 6: 185–192.
Sabokbar A., Millett P.J., Myer B. and Rushton N. 1994. A rapid, quantitative assay for measuring alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic cells in vitro. Bone and Mineral, 27(1): 57–67.
Sesay D.F., Habte-Tsion H.M., Zhou Q., Ren M., Xie J., Liu B. and Pan L. 2017. The effect of dietary folic acid on biochemical parameters and gene expression of three heat shock proteins (HSPs) of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fingerling under acute high temperature stress. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 43(4): 923–940.
Shi L., Feng L., Jiang W.D., Liu Y., Jiang J., Wu P. and Zhou X.Q. 2015. Folic acid deficiency impairs the gill health status associated with the NF-κB, MLCK and Nrf2 signaling pathways in the gills of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 47(1): 289–301.
Shiau S.Y. and Huang S.Y. 2001a. Dietary folic acid requirement determined for grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture, 200(3): 339–347.
Shiau S.Y. and Huang S.Y. 2001b. Dietary folic acid requirement for maximum growth of juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus. Fisheries Science, 67(4): 655–659.
Snedeker S.M. and Greger J.L. 1983. Metabolism of zinc, copper and iron as affected by dietary protein, cysteine and histidine. Journal of Nutrition, 113: 644–652.
Weatherley A.H. and Gill H.S. 1981. Recovery following periods of restricted ration and starvation in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Journal of Fish Biology, 18: 195–208.
Wei J.J., Zhang F., Tian W.J., Kong Y.Q., Li Q., Yu N. and Chen L.Q. 2016. Effects of dietary folic acid on growth, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immune response and disease resistance of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (Milne-Edwards, 1853). Aquaculture Nutrition, 22(3): 567–574.
Zehra S. and Khan M. 2020. Dietary folic acid requirement of fingerling Channa punctatus (Bloch) based on growth, protein productive value and liver folic acid concentrations. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 262: 1–10 (114397).
Zhao J., Liu Y., Jiang J., Wu P., Chen G.F. and Jiang W.D. 2012. Effects of dietary isoleucine on growth, the digestion and absorption capacity and gene expression in hepatopancreas and intestine of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian