Comparative study of the antibacterial properties of aqueous extract of combined brown macroalgae and some antibiotics against certain Vibrio sp. bacteria in marine aquatic animals

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. in Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran

2 Professor in Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran

10.22124/japb.2026.32759.1583

Abstract

This study aimed to comparatively investigation the antibacterial effects of the aqueous extract of a premix of brown macroalgae (Sargassum ilicifolium, Nizimuddinia zanardini, Cystoseira indica, and Padina australis) and antibiotics (oxytetracycline, cephalexin, erythromycin, and nitrofurantoin) against pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND+)) and the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum in marine aquaculture. Collected brown macroalgae samples, after washing and drying, were mixed in equal proportions and ground. An aqueous solvent was used for extraction. To investigate the antibacterial effect of the aqueous extract of the macroalgae premix on 4 species of Gram-negative bacteria and the probiotic bacterium L. plantarum, the agar disk diffusion test (20µL premix for each disk) and antibiotics as positive control were employed. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the brown macroalgae premix had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Gram-negative bacteria (V. parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and AHPND+). Among these Gram-negative bacteria, the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of the brown macroalgae premix on the growth of V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi and AHPND+ bacteria (8.43±0.11, 8.16±0.15, 8.63±0.15mm respectively) was significantly greater than V. parahaemolyticus (7±1mm; P>0.05). The extract of the brown macroalgae premix showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium L. plantarum, and no zone of inhibition was observed. The bacterium V. alginolyticus exhibited greater sensitivity to the brown macroalgae premix extract (8.43±0.06mm) compared to cephalexin (showed no zone of inhibition; P>0.05). Overall, although according to the results, the antibacterial property of the aqueous extract of the studied brown macroalgae premix was found to be lower than that of standard antibiotics (except for cephalexin against V. alginolyticus), the brown macroalgae premix extract can be suggested as a potential source of new natural antimicrobial compounds.

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References

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Aquatic Physiology and Biotechnology
Volume 14, Issue 1
September 2026
Pages 47-70

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