Abbasi K., Abdolmaleki S., Kimaram F., Parafkandeh F., Moradi M., Fadaei B., Sarpanah A.N., Sabkara J., Makaremi M., Khatib S., Ghane A., Abedini A., Daghiq Rouhi J., Yousefzadeh A., Zhamtekesh Y.A., Khedmati K., Mirzajani A.R., Babaei H., Asgharnia M., Mahisefat F., Darvishi S., Sayad-Rahim M., Nikpour M., Norouzi H.A., Sedaghatkish A., Khoshal J., Rastin R., Iranpour M., Mehdizadeh G.R., Saberi H. and Mohsenpour H. 2016. Study of the biological status of Rutilus frisii kutum fingerlings released in the Sefid Rud River (Giulan Province) (In Persian). Research Project Report, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Inland Water Aquaculture Research Center (Bandar Anzali), Iran. 154P.
Abdolmaleki S. and Ghaninejad D. 2015. Bony fishes of the Caspian Sea (biology, distribution, fishing and fishery, stock restoration, strengths and weaknesses) (In Persian). Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Iran. 424P.
Ahmadnezhad M., Owfi F., Hosseinjani A., Bahmani M., Hafezieh M., Sayad Bourani M., Pourgholami A., Fazli H., Abdolmalaki S. and Khara H. 2022. Application of SWOT-FAHP model for assessment of the restoration trend of Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum) stocks in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Aquaculture Sciences, 10(1): 22–33.
Aktas M. and Cavdar N. 2012. The combined effects of salinity and temperature on the egg hatching rate, incubation time, and survival until protozoal stages of Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius) (Decapoda: Penaeidae). Turkish Journal Zoology, 36: 249–253. doi: 10.3906/zoo-1003-144
Ali A., Azom M.G., Sarker B.S., Rani H., Alam M.S. and Islam M.S. 2024. Repercussion of salinity on hematological parameters and tissue morphology of gill and kidney at early life of tilapia. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 9(2): 256–264. doi: 10.1016/j.aaf.20 22.04.006
APHA. 2005. Standard methods for examining water and wastewater, Method 507, USA. 531P.
ASTM. 2018. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. American Society for Testing and Materials. USA. 14P.
Ataeimehr B. 2009. Study of changes in some physiological indices effective in regulating the osmotic pressure of Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, fry against salinity (In Persian). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tehran, Iran. 178P.
Baldisserotto B., Mancera J.M. and Kapoor B.G. 2007. Fish Osmoregulation. CRC Press, USA. 540P.
Bancroft J.D. and Gamble M. 2008. Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. Elsevier, Netherlands. 744P.
Basir Z. and Peyghan R. 2020. Histomorphology of excretory kidney of, common carp,
Cyprinus carpio during different salinity adaptation. Iranian Veterinary Journal, 16(2): 22‒28. doi:
10.2205 5/ivj.2019.191816.2158
Behrouzi S., Farabi S.M.V., Hedayatifard M. and Sharifian M. 2015. The survey effect of salinity performed on survival rate and histological changes in kidney tissues of Rutilus frisii kutum juvenile. Veterinary Research and Biological Products, 28(2): 31‒37. doi: 10.22092/vj.2015.101268
Beyenbach K.W. 2004. Kidney sans glomeruli. American Journal of Physiology, 286(5): 811‒827. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00351.2003
Brown J.A., Oliver J.A. and Henderson I.W. 1980. Angiotensin and single nephron glomerular function in the trout Salmo gairdneri. American Journal of Physiology, 239(5): 509‒514. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1980.239.5.R509
Brown J.A., Rankin J.C. and Yokota S.D. 1993. Glomerular hemodynamics of filtration in single nephrons of nonmammalian vertebrates. P: 1–44. In: Brown J.A., Balment R.J. and Rankin J.C. (Eds.). New Insights in Vertebrate Kidney Function. Cambridge University Press, UK. doi:
10.1093/ icb/34.2.300
Charmi A., Bahmani M., Sajjadi M.M. and Kazemi R. 2009. Morpho-histological study of kidney in farmed juvenile beluga,
Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 12: 11‒18. doi:
10.3923/pj bs.2009.11.18
Chenari F. Morovvati H. Ghazilou A. Savari A. and Ronagh M.T. 2011. Rapid variation in kidney histology in spotted scat
Scatophagus argus on exposed to abrupt salinity changes. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 12(3): 256‒261. doi:
10.22099/ijvr. 2011.75
Colvil T.P., Richards R.H. and Dobbie J.W. 2006. Variations in renal corpuscular morphology with adaptation to sea water in the rainbow trout,
Salmo gairdneri Richardson 1836. Journal of Fish Biology, 23: 451‒456. doi:
10.1111/ j.1095-8649.1983.tb02925.x
Davidson A.J. 2014. Kidney regeneration in fish. Nephron Experimental Nephrology, 126(2): 45–49. doi: 10.1159/000360660
Evans T.G. 2010. Co-ordination of osmotic stress responses through osmosensing and signal transduction events in fishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 76(8): 1903–1925. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-864 9.2010.02590.x
Farabi S.M.O., Behrouzi S., Ghanei Tehrani M., Ramezani H., Azari Takami A.H., Shakuri M., Najafpour S., Vahedi F., Nasrollah Tabar A., Mollaei H., Alavi A. and Moazedi J. 2014. The percentage determination of Rutilus frisii kutum (200, 500 and 1000 mg) resistance to salinity, turbidity and decrease of oxygen by usage of the river water at the releasing meantime (In Persian). Research Project Report, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Caspian Sea Ecological Research Center (Sari), Iran. 71P.
Ghahramanzadeh Z., Bani A., Imanpour Namin J. and Hallajian A. 2014. Comparison investigation of kidney tubules of kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, in brackish water (Caspian Sea) and freshwater (Khoshkrood River). Journal of Animal Research (Journal of Iranian Biology), 27(1): 134‒142.
Ghaninejad D., Moghim M. and Abdolmaleki S. 2001. Stock assessment of Caspian Sea bony fish in 1999-2000 (In Persian). Research Project Report, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Inland Water Aquaculture Research Center (Bandar Anzali), Iran. 98P.
Heidari B., Avarjeh S. and Taghavi Jelodar H. 2014. Effects of salinity and temperature on glomeruli of common carp (
Cyprinus carpio). Aquatic Physiology and Biotechnology, 2(2): 79–95. doi:
20.1001.1.2345396 6.1393.2.2.6.1
Hwang P.P. and Lee T.H. 2007. New insights into fish ion regulation and mitochondrion-rich cells. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (A), 148(3): 479–497. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.06.416
Hwang P.P. and Wu S. 2006. Salinity effect on cytometrical parameters of the kidney in the euryhaline teleost
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). Journal of Fish Biology, 33(1): 89‒95. doi:
10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05450.x
Kultz D., Stillman J.H., Podrabsky J.E. and Tomanek L. 2015. Physiological mechanisms used by fish to cope with salinity stress. Journal of Experimental Biology, 218(12): 1907–1914. doi: 10.1242/ jeb.118695
Mosafer Khorjestan Y., Khodabandeh S. and Khoshnood Z. 2008. Mitochondria rich cells localization and effect of salinity on their distribution in kidney tubules of Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus. Yakhteh Medical Journal, 10(4): 280–287.
Nash J. 1931. The number and size of glomeruli in the kidneys of fishes with observations on the morphology of the renal tubules of fishes. American Journal of Anatomy, 47(2): 425‒445. doi:
10.1 002/aja.1000470209
Ruan S., Lu Z., Huang W., Zhang Y., Shan X., Song W. and Ji C. 2023. Renal metabolomic profiling of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea acclimated in low salinity waters. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (D), 46: 1–10 (101083). doi: 10.1016/j. cbd.2023.101083
Sales-Ribeiro C., Pisano S.R.R., Diserens N., Hoby S. and Schmidt-Posthaus H. 2023. Glomerulocystic kidney in two red piranhas Pygocentrus nattereri. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 155: 73–78. doi: 10.3354/dao03738
Sayad Bourani M., Abtahi B., Bahmani M., Halajian A., Yousefi A. and Amiri A. 2009. Study of kidney and gill tissue activity of Caspian salmon fry in Caspian Sea water salinity. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 18(4): 113–124.
Sayad Bourani M., Bahmani M., Abdolhai H.A., Sharifian M., Ahmadnezhad M., Hosseinjani A., Amiri A., Maghsoudieh Kohan H., Saberi H., Khedmati K., Kazemi R.A., Parvaneh Moghadam D., Babaei H., Daghiq Rouhi J., Abdolmaleki S., Mahisefat F., Darvishi S., Valipour A.R., Ladani R., Dejandian S. and Chakmedooz F. 2016. Determination of suitable size of Rutilus frisii kutum for releasing by evaluation of osmotic regulating ability (In Persian). Research Project Report, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Inland Water Aquaculture Research Center (Bandar Anzali), Iran. 50P.
Takvam M., Wood C.M., Kryvi H. and Nilsen T.O. 2021. Ion transporters and osmoregulation in the kidney of teleost fishes as a function of salinity. Frontier Physiology, 12: 1–25 (664588). doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.664588
Wedemeyer G.A. 1996. Physiology of Fish in Intensive Culture Systems. Chapman and Hall, USA. 232P. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6011-1
Wiener S.V. 2023. Effects of the environment on the evolution of the vertebrate urinary tract. Nature Reviews Urology, 20(12): 719–738. doi: 10.1038/s41585-023-0079 4-3
Wonge M.K.S. and Woo N.Y.S. 2006. Rapid changes in renal morphometrics in silver sea bream Sparus sarba on exposure to different salinities. Journal of Fish Biology, 69: 770‒782. doi: 10.1111/ j.1095-8649.2006.01148.x
Zar J.H. 2010. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall, Upper USA. 946P.
)